巴基斯坦转基因作物发展概况

近年来,发展中国家在转基因技术与商业化发展上取得了巨大进展。巴基斯坦是同中国有着深厚友谊的国家,是“一带一路”政策亚欧非大陆的重要一站。本文介绍了巴基斯坦转基因技术发展现状及转基因商业化情况,研究其管理框架及政策变化等,分析其在政策、监管、知识产权、消费者认知度等方面存在的问题。研究结果对中国转基因政策的制定具有借鉴意义。     

苦荞粒形相关性状的遗传分析

利用籽粒大小差异较大的2个苦荞品种的杂交后代开展了与产量具有密切关系的粒形相关性状的遗传规律及其性状间的相关性分析。结果表明,F₂和F₃群体的粒长、粒宽、长宽比和千粒重表现值范围都超过亲本的表现值,并且粒长、粒宽和长宽比的变异系数均小于10%,千粒重的变异系数大于10%。另外,粒长、粒宽、长宽比和千粒重的加性方差均大于显性方差,广义遗传率在F₂和F₃代中分别为0.77~0.82和0.82~0.85,固定遗传率都达到0.80以上。粒形性状间的相关性分析结果表明,粒长、粒宽和千粒重相互间都存在极显著的正相关,粒宽和千粒重,粒长和长宽比的遗传相关系数较大。以上结果表明,具有较高遗传率的粒形相关性状可以在后代早期进行选择,但由于这些性状是数量性状而且受多个基因的控制,因此建议继续繁殖后代到基因型稳定,同时考虑性状间的相关性选拔最为有效。     

常州市武进区稻米质量的问题与对策

随着经济的不断发展以及人们对美好生活的追求,稻米品质已成为关注的焦点。提升稻米质量是武进区的长期发展目标,为了进一步做大做强稻米品牌产业,本文分析了全区稻米生产中存在的问题,提出了解决问题的应变对策。     

Residual effects of soil Zn fertilization on soil characteristics,yield and quality of Platycodon grandiflorum

ABSTRACT

Zinc (Zn) deficiency is common worldwide and is a major limiting factor in the cultivation of Platycodon grandiflorum because most P. grandiflorum is cultivated on soils with slight or severe levels of Zn deficiency in China. To investigate the effects of soil Zn fertilization on P. grandiflorum and its residual effects on soil characteristics, a randomized complete block design was conducted at the experimental station of Shandong Agricultural University China in 2016–2018. In 2016, ZnSO₄ · 7H₂O was used as Zn fertilizer. The fertilizer levels of Zn fertilizer were designed as 0, 4, 6, 8 and 10 kg ha^?1 and were denoted as CK, Zn₄, Zn₆, Zn₈ and Zn₁₀. No Zn fertilizer was used in 2017 and 2018. The results showed that soil Zn fertilization increased the quantity of soil bacteria, and actinobacteria, Zn₈ and Zn₁₀ treatments increased the soil fungal quantity in 2017, whereas the effect was observed only in the Z₁₀ treatment in 2018. Soil Zn fertilization enhanced the activity of polyphenol oxidase, decreased that of phosphatase, and did not influence the invertase activity in both 2017 and 2018. Both the yield and the quality of P. grandiflorum in the succeeding three years increased due to the soil Zn fertilization in 2016. Overall, soil Zn application is a suitable approach to the cultivation of P. grandiflorum, and the residual effects of a one-time soil Zn fertilization could last at least two years.     

兜兰花粉活力及柱头可授性探究

本研究以‘绿肉饼’兜兰为试验材料,用扫描电子显微镜对其花粉块进行研究分析。结果显示,花粉块可分为两半,表面光滑呈现紧密网状结构。为获得‘绿肉饼’人工授粉最佳时间,采用TTC (氯化三苯基四氮唑)染色和联苯胺-过氧化氢法进行花粉活力及柱头可授性的研究。TTC染色法结果表明,‘绿肉饼’的花粉活力呈现从弱到强再到弱的趋势,其中开花15~20 d的花粉活力最大,授粉率较高;联苯胺-过氧化氢法结果表明,‘绿肉饼’的柱头可授性随开花时间先弱后强再变弱,其中开花10~20 d的柱头可授性最高。     

Effect of melatonin on visceral fat deposition,lipid metabolism and hepatic lipo-metabolic gene expression in male rats

Melatonin (MT) influences lipid metabolism in animals; however, the mechanistic effect of melatonin on liver fat and abdominal adipose deposition requires further clarity. In order to study the effects of melatonin on lipid metabolism, and hepatic fat and abdominal adipose deposition in animals, twenty Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats of 6 weeks of age with similar bodyweight were randomly divided into two groups: control (CTL) and MT-treated (10 mg/kg/day). During a 60-day experiment, food intake and bodyweight were measured daily and weekly respectively. At the end of treatment, blood samples were collected to collect plasma to quantify hormones and metabolic indicators of lipid metabolism. In addition, organ and abdominal adipose depots including liver, and omental, perirenal, and epididymal fat were weighed. Liver tissue was sampled for sectioning, long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) quantification, and gene chip and Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) analyses. The results showed that liver weight and index (ratio of liver weight to body weight) in MT group reduced by 20.69% and 9.63% respectively; omentum weight and index reduced by 59.88% and 54.93% respectively, and epididymal fat weight reduced by 45.34% (p = 0.049), relative to CTL. Plasma lipid indices, triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol (TC) with MT treatment decreased significantly compared with the control. Fat and 8 LCFA content in liver in MT group also decreased. Gene chip and qPCR demonstrated that there were 289 genes up-regulated and 293 genes down-regulated by MT. Further analysis found that the mRNA expression of lipolysis-related genes increased, while the mRNA expression of lipogenesis-related enzymes decreased (p < 0.05) with MT. This study concluded that melatonin greatly affected fat deposition, and hepatic LCFA supply and the expression of genes associated with lipogenesis and lipolysis.     

Dietary supplementation with Moringa oleifera and mulberry leaf affects pork quality from finishing pigs

Moringa oleifera and Morus alba leaves are nutritious non-traditional feed ingredients containing bioactive substances. This study was to evaluate the potential application of dietary Moringa and Morus leaf powder on the growth traits, carcass characteristics and meat quality of finishing pigs. Moringa did not alter growth performance or carcass characteristics, but it decreased meat b* value, increased MyHCIIa and decreased MyHCIIx mRNA levels, and increased CP and concentrations of Ala, Thr, Ile, Lys and Pro in longissimus thoracis. Morus increased final BW, ADFI and ADG, decreased F/G ratio, improved slaughter weight, carcass weight, carcass yield and meat a* value, and decreased shear force, drip loss, MyHCIIx and MyHCIIb mRNA levels, and increased MyHCI and MyHCIIa mRNA levels. Morus also increased CP, Glu, Gly, Ala, Arg, Ile, Phe, Pro, Ser, Tyr and Asp, and C16:1, C18:1n9c, C20:4n6, C18:3n3, C20:3n3, C22:1n9 and n-3 PUFA, but decreased C12:0 and C16:0. In summary, Morus improved the parameters and held great potential as an unconventional feed crop.     

比利时野猪非洲猪瘟防控

2018年9月,比利时公共健康研究院(国家非洲猪瘟参考实验室)确认在瓦隆地区发现野猪感染非洲猪瘟病毒,毒株与2007年欧洲首例非洲猪瘟病毒株非常相似。欧盟和比利时通过采取卓有成效的控制措施,截至目前未发生家猪感染病例。主要防控经验:一是出台法规,组建非洲猪瘟政策委员会,及时评估和措施调整;二是根据OIE的原则要求建立管控区,借助人工屏障和自然屏障,防止感染野猪跨区域移动;三是完善养殖企业生物安全管理制度,防止野猪和家猪的接触,并通过SANITEL系统对境内的所有家猪开展标识追溯,防止高风险地区家猪的非法移动;四是做好宣传,使兽医、养殖户、狩猎者了解非洲猪瘟相关认知,确保防控义务落实到人。